Organic molecules for use in optoelectronic devices

ABSTRACT

especially for use in optoelectronic components.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/685,101, filed Aug. 24, 2017, which claims priority to DE 10 2017 106 221.1 filed Mar. 22, 2017, DE 10 2017 103 939.2 filed Feb. 24, 2017, DE 10 2016 119 937.0 filed on Oct. 19, 2016 and DE 10 2016 115 728.7 filed on Aug. 24, 2016, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to purely organic molecules and to the use thereof in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and in other organic optoelectronic devices.

BACKGROUND

The problem addressed by the present invention was that of providing molecules suitable for use in optoelectronic devices.

The problem is solved by the invention, which provides a new class of organic molecules.

The organic molecules according to the invention are purely organic molecules, i.e. do not have any metal ions, and are thus delimited from the metal complexes known for use in organic optoelectronic devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in more detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

FIG. 1 is an emission spectrum of Example 1 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 2 is an emission spectrum of Example 2 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 3 is an emission spectrum of Example 3 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 4 is an emission spectrum of Example 4 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 5 is an emission spectrum of Example 5 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 6 is an emission spectrum of Example 6 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 7 is an emission spectrum of Example 7 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 8 is an emission spectrum of Example 8 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 9 is an emission spectrum of Example 9 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 10 is an emission spectrum of Example 10 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 11 is an emission spectrum of Example 11 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 12 is an emission spectrum of Example 12 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 13 is an emission spectrum of Example 13 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 14 is an emission spectrum of Example 14 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 15 is an emission spectrum of Example 15 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 16 is an emission spectrum of Example 16 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 17 is an emission spectrum of Example 17 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 18 is an emission spectrum of Example 18 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 19 is an emission spectrum of Example 19 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 20 is an emission spectrum of Example 20 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 21 is an emission spectrum of Example 21 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 22 is an emission spectrum of Example 22 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 23 is an emission spectrum of Example 23 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 24 is an emission spectrum of Example 24 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 25 is an emission spectrum of Example 25 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 26 is an emission spectrum of Example 26 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 27 is an emission spectrum of Example 27 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 28 is an emission spectrum of Example 28 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 29 is an emission spectrum of Example 29 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 30 is an emission spectrum of Example 30 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 31 is an emission spectrum of Example 31 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 32 is an emission spectrum of Example 32 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 33 is an emission spectrum of Example 33 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 34 is an emission spectrum of Example 34 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 35 is an emission spectrum of Example 35 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 36 is an emission spectrum of Example 36 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 37 is an emission spectrum of Example 37 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 38 is an emission spectrum of Example 38 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 39 is an emission spectrum of Example 39 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 40 is an emission spectrum of Example 40 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 41 is an emission spectrum of Example 41 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 42 is an emission spectrum of Example 42 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 43 is an emission spectrum of Example 43 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 44 is an emission spectrum of Example 44 (10% in PMMA).

FIG. 45 is an emission spectrum of Example 45 (10% in PMMA).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be discussed in further detail. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

The organic molecules according to the invention are notable for emissions in the blue, sky blue or green spectral region. The photoluminescence quantum yields of the organic molecules according to the invention are especially 20% or more. The molecules according to the invention especially exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The use of the molecules according to the invention in an optoelectronic device, for example an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), leads to higher efficiencies of the device. Corresponding OLEDs have higher stability than OLEDs with known emitter materials and a comparable colour.

The blue spectral region is understood here to mean the visible range of less than 470 nm, especially from 420 nm to 470 nm. The sky blue spectral region is understood here to mean the range from 470 nm to 499 nm. The green spectral region is understood here to mean the range from 500 nm to 599 nm. The emission maximum here is within the respective range.

The organic molecules contain a first chemical unit comprising or consisting of a structure of formula I:

and two second chemical units D each comprising or consisting of, identically or differently at each instance, a structure of formula II

In these molecules, the first chemical unit is joined to each of the two second chemical units D via a single bond.

T is an attachment point of the single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D or H.

V is an attachment point of the single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D or H.

W is an attachment point of the single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D or is selected from the group consisting of H, CN and CF₃.

X is an attachment point of the single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D or is selected from the group consisting of H, CN and CF₃.

Y is an attachment point of the single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D or is selected from the group consisting of H, CN and CF₃.

# is an attachment point of the single bond between the respective second chemical unit D and the first chemical unit.

Z is the same or different at each instance and is a direct bond or selected from the group consisting of CR³R⁴, C═CR³R⁴, C═O, C═NR³, NR³, O, SiR³R⁴, S, S(O) and S(O)₂.

R¹ and R² are the same or different at each instance and are H, deuterium, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 15 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals.

R^(a), R³ and R⁴ is the same or different at each instance and is H, deuterium, N(R⁵)₂, OH, Si(R⁵)₃, B(OR⁵)₂, OSO₂R⁵, CF₃, CN, F, Br, I, a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R⁵ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁵C═CR⁵, C≡C, Si(R⁵)₂, Ge(R⁵)₂, Sn(R⁵)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁵, P(═O)(R⁵), SO, SO₂, NR⁵, O, S or CONR⁵, and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals, or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group which has 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals.

R⁵ is the same or different at each instance and is H, deuterium, N(R⁶)₂, OH, Si(R⁶)₃, B(OR⁶)₂, OSO₂R⁶, CF₃, CN, F, Br, I, a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R⁶ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁶C═CR⁶, C≡C, Si(R⁶)₂, Ge(R⁶)₂, Sn(R⁶)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁶, P(═O)(R⁶), SO, SO₂, NR⁶, O, S or CONR⁶, and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals, or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals, or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group which has 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals.

R⁶ is the same or different at each instance and is H, deuterium, OH, CF₃, CN, F, a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms.

According to the invention, each of the R^(a), R³, R⁴ or R⁵ radicals together with one or more further R^(a), R³, R⁴ or R⁵ radicals may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic and/or benzofused ring system.

According to the invention, exactly one radical selected from W, X and Y is CN or CF₃ and exactly two radicals selected from the group consisting of T, V, W, X and Y are an attachment point of a single bond between the first chemical unit and a second chemical unit D.

In one embodiment of the organic molecule, R¹ and R² are the same or different at each instance and are H, methyl or phenyl.

In one embodiment of the organic molecule, W is CN.

In a further embodiment of the organic molecule, the chemical group D is the same or different at each instance and comprises a structure of the formula IIa or consists of a structure of the formula IIa:

where the definitions for formula I and II are applicable to # and R^(a).

In a further embodiment of the organic molecules according to the invention, the second chemical unit D independently comprises or consists of a structure selected from the group of the formula IIb, of the formula IIb-2, of the formula IIb-3 or of the formula IIb-4:

where

-   -   R^(b) is the same or different at each instance and is N(R⁵)₂,         OH, Si(R⁵)₃, B(OR⁵)₂, OSO₂R⁵, CF₃, CN, F, Br, I, a linear alkyl,         alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a         linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a         branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy         group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be         substituted by one or more R⁵ radicals, where one or more         nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁵C═CR⁵, C≡C, Si(R⁵)₂,         Ge(R⁵)₂, Sn(R⁵)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁵, P(═O)(R⁵), SO, SO₂,         NR⁵, O, S or CONR⁵, and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be         replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; or an aromatic or         heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms         and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals,         or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group which has 5 to 60 aromatic         ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵         radicals, or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or         arylheteroarylamino group which has 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms         and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals.

For the rest, the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment of the organic molecules according to the invention, the second chemical unit D independently comprises or consists of a structure selected from the group of the formula IIc, of the formula IIc-2, of the formula IIc-3 or of the formula IIc-4:

-   -   where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment of the organic molecules according to the invention, R^(b) independently at each instance is selected from the group consisting of Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃, Ph which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyridinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyrimidinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, carbazolyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, triazinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, and N(Ph)₂.

The following are illustrative embodiments of the second chemical group D:

where the definitions given above are applicable to #, Z, R^(a), R³, R⁴ and R⁵. In one embodiment of the organic molecules according to the invention, the R⁵ radical is the same or different at each instance and is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, phenyl and mesityl. In one embodiment, R^(a) is the same or different at each instance and is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl (Me), i-propyl (CH(CH₃)₂) (^(i)Pr), t-butyl (^(t)Bu), phenyl (Ph), CN, CF₃ and diphenylamine (NPh₂).

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula III:

-   -   where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIa:

where

R^(c) independently at each instance is selected from the group consisting of Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃, Ph which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyridinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyrimidinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, carbazolyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, triazinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, and N(Ph)₂.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIb:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIc:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIId:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIe:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIf:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIg:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IIIh:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IV:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVa:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVb:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVc:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVd:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVe:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVf:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVg:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula IVh:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula V:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Va:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vb:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vc:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vd:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Ve:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vf:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vg:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula Vh:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VI:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIa:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIb:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIc:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VId:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIe:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIf:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIg:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIh:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VII:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIa:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIb:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIc:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIId:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIe:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIf:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIg:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In a further embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIIh:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment, the organic molecules according to the invention comprise a structure of the formula VIII:

where the definitions given above are applicable.

In one embodiment of the organic molecules, R^(c) independently at each instance is selected from the group consisting of CN, CF₃, Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, Ph which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from CN, CF₃, Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, and carbazolyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from CN, CF₃, Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu and Ph.

In the context of this invention, an aryl group contains 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms; a heteroaryl group contains 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, of which at least one is a heteroatom. The heteroatoms are especially N, O and/or S. If, in the description of particular embodiments of the invention, other definitions departing from the definition mentioned are given, for example with regard to the number of aromatic ring atoms or of heteroatoms present, these are applicable.

An aryl group or heteroaryl group is understood to mean a simple aromatic cycle, i.e. benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine or thiophene, or a heteroaromatic polycycle, for example phenanthrene, quinoline or carbazole. A fused (annelated) aromatic or heteroaromatic polycycle in the context of the present application consists of two or more mutually condensed simple aromatic or heteroaromatic cycles.

An aryl or heteroaryl group which may be substituted in each case by the abovementioned radicals and which may be joined via any desired positions to the aromatic or heteroaromatic system is especially understood to mean groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzanthracene, benzphenanthrene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene; pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, napthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, pyrazine, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthroline, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, purine, pteridine, indolizine and benzothiadiazole or combinations of the groups mentioned.

A cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group is understood here to mean a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic group.

In the context of the present invention, a C₁- to C₄₀-alkyl group in which individual hydrogen atoms or CH₂ groups may also be substituted by the abovementioned groups is understood to mean, for example, the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neohexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, cyclooctyl, 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octyl, 2-(2,6-dimethyl)octyl, 3-(3,7-dimethyl)octyl, adamantyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-dec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-dec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1-(n-propyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-butyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-hexyl)cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-octyl)cyclohex-1-yl and 1-(n-decyl)cyclohex-1-yl radicals. An alkenyl group is understood to mean, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl or cyclooctadienyl. An alkynyl group is understood to mean, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl or octynyl. A C₁- to C₄₀-alkoxy group is understood to mean, for example, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.

One embodiment of the invention relates to organic molecules having a ΔE(S₁-T₁) value between the lowermost excited singlet state (S₁) and the triplet state (T₁) below it of not higher than 5000 cm⁻¹, especially not higher than 3000 cm⁻¹, or not higher than 1500 cm⁻¹ or 1000 cm⁻¹, and/or an emission lifetime of not more than 150 μs, especially of not more than 100 μs, of not more than 50 μs, or of not more than 10 μs, and/or a main emission band having a half-height width of less than 0.55 eV, especially less than 0.50 eV, less than 0.48 eV, or less than 0.45 eV.

The organic molecules according to the invention especially exhibit an emission maximum between 420 and 500 nm, between 430 and 480 nm, or between 450 and 470 nm.

In one embodiment, the molecules have a blue material index (BMI), the quotient of the PLQY (in %) and its CIE_(y) colour coordinates of the light emitted by the molecule according to the invention, of greater than 150, especially of greater than 200, of greater than 250 or of greater than 300.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for preparing an organic molecule according to the invention of the type described here (optionally with a further conversion), wherein a 3,5-R¹-substituted and 2,6-R²-substituted 4-pyridineboronic acid or a corresponding 3,5-R¹-substituted and 2,6-R²-substituted 4-pyridineboronic ester is used as reactant.

In the above scheme, in one embodiment, the chemical CN group is replaced by CF₃.

In one embodiment, a 3,5-R¹-substituted and 2,6-R²-substituted 4-pyridineboronic acid or a corresponding 3,5-R¹-substituted and 2,6-R²-substituted 4-pyridineboronic ester as reactant is reacted with a bromodifluorobenzonitrile in a palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction. It is possible here to use, by way of example, in accordance with the invention, 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, 4-bromo-2,5-difluorobenzonitrile, 4-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile, 3-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, 3-bromo-5,6-difluorobenzonitrile and 2-bromo-4,5-difluorobenzonitrile. The product is obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding amine, followed by nucleophilic substitution of the two fluorine groups. In this case, two nitrogen heterocycles are reacted with a reactant E1 in the manner of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Typical conditions include the use of a base, for example tribasic potassium phosphate or sodium hydride, in an aprotic polar solvent, for example dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).

In a further aspect, the invention relates to the use of the organic molecules as luminescent emitters or as host material in an organic optoelectronic device, especially where the organic optoelectronic device is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs),     -   light-emitting electrochemical cells,     -   OLED sensors, especially in gas and vapour sensors not         hermetically shielded from the outside,     -   organic diodes,     -   organic solar cells,     -   organic transistors,     -   organic field-effect transistors,     -   organic lasers and     -   down-conversion elements.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a composition comprising or consisting of:

(a) at least one organic molecule according to the invention, especially as emitter and/or host, and (b) at least one, i.e. one or more (such as 2, 3, 4, . . . ), emitter and/or host material(s) other than the organic molecule according to the invention, and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more organic solvents.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention consists of an organic molecule according to the invention and one or more host materials. The host material(s) especially has/have triplet (T₁) and singlet (S₁) energy levels at higher energy than the triplet (T₁) and singlet (S₁) energy levels of the organic molecule according to the invention. In one embodiment, the composition, as well as the organic molecule according to the invention, comprises an electron-dominant and a hole-dominant host material. The highest occupied orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) of the hole-dominant host material are especially at higher energy than those of the electron-dominant host material. The HOMO of the hole-dominant host material is at lower energy than the HOMO of the organic molecule according to the invention, while the LUMO of the electron-dominant host material is at higher energy than the LUMO of the organic molecule according to the invention. In order to avoid exciplex formation between emitter and host material(s), the materials should be chosen such that the energy gaps between the respective orbitals are small. The gap between the LUMO of the electron-dominant host material and the LUMO of the organic molecule according to the invention is especially less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, even more preferably less than 0.2 eV. The gap between the HOMO of the hole-dominant host material and the HOMO of the organic molecule according to the invention is especially less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, even more preferably less than 0.2 eV.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to an organic optoelectronic device comprising an organic molecule according to the invention or a composition according to the invention. The organic optoelectronic device especially takes the form of a device selected from the group consisting of organic light-emitting diode (OLED); light-emitting electrochemical cell; OLED sensor, especially gas and vapour sensors that are not hermetically shielded from the outside; organic diode; organic solar cell; organic transistor; organic field effect transistor; organic laser and down-conversion element.

In one embodiment, an organic optoelectronic device comprises:

-   -   a substrate,     -   an anode and     -   a cathode, where the anode or cathode has been applied to the         substrate, and     -   at least one light-emitting layer which is arranged between         anode and cathode and comprises an organic molecule according to         the invention is a further embodiment of the invention.

In one embodiment, the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). A typical OLED has, for example, the following layer structure:

1. Substrate (carrier material)

2. Anode

3. Hole injection layer (HIL) 4. Hole transport layer (HTL) 5. Electron blocking layer (EBL) 6. Emitting layer (EML) 7. Hole blocking layer (HBL) 8. Electron transport layer (ETL) 9. Electron injection layer (EIL)

10. Cathode.

Individual layers here are present merely in an optional manner. In addition, two or more of these layers may be combined. And it is possible for individual layers to be present more than once in the component.

In one embodiment, at least one electrode of the organic component is translucent. “Translucent” refers here to a layer which is transparent to visible light. The translucent layer here may be clear and see-through, i.e. transparent, or at least partly light-absorbing and/or partly light-scattering, such that the translucent layer, for example, may also have a diffuse or milky appearance. More particularly, a layer referred to here as translucent is very substantially transparent, such that, in particular, the absorption of light is as low as possible.

In a further embodiment, the organic component, especially an OLED, comprises an inverted structure. It is a feature of the inverted structure that the cathode is on the substrate and the other layers are applied in a correspondingly inverted manner.

1. Substrate (carrier material)

2. Cathode

3. Electron injection layer (EIL) 4. Electron transport layer (ETL) 5. Hole blocking layer (HBL) 6. Emission layer/emitting layer (EML) 7. Electron blocking layer (EBL) 8. Hole transport layer (HTL) 9. Hole injection layer (HIL)

10. Anode

Individual layers here are present merely in an optional manner. In addition, two or more of these layers may be combined. And it is also possible for individual layers to be present more than once in the component.

In one embodiment, in the inverted OLED, the anode layer of the typical structure, for example an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer, is connected as the cathode.

In a further embodiment, the organic component, especially an OLED, comprises a stacked structure. The individual OLEDs here are arranged one on top of another and not one alongside another as usual. A stacked structure can enable the generation of mixed light. For example, this structure can be used in the generation of white light, which is produced by forming the entire visible spectrum, typically by the combination of the emitted light from blue, green and red emitters. In addition, with practically the same efficiency and identical luminance, it is possible to achieve significantly longer lifetimes compared to standard OLEDs. For the stacked structure, it is optionally possible to use what is called a charge generation layer (CGL) between two OLEDs. This consists of an n-doped layer and a p-doped layer, the n-doped layer typically being applied closer to the anode.

In one embodiment—called a tandem OLED—two or more emission layers occur between the anode and cathode. In one embodiment, three emission layers are arranged one on top of another, where one emission layer emits red light, one emission layer emits green light and one emission layer emits blue light, and there are optionally further charge generation, blocker or transport layers applied between the individual emission layers. In a further embodiment, the respective emission layers are applied in a directly adjacent manner. In a further embodiment, there is one charge generation layer in each case between the emission layers. In addition, in an OLED, it is possible to combine directly adjacent emission layers and emission layers separated by charge generation layers.

It is also possible to arrange an encapsulation on top of the electrodes and the organic layers. The encapsulation may take the form, for example, of a glass lid or the form of a thin-film encapsulation.

The carrier material used in the optoelectronic device may, for example, be glass, quartz, plastic, metal, a silicon wafer or any other suitable solid or flexible, optionally transparent material. The carrier material may include, for example, one or more materials in the form of a layer, a film, a sheet or a laminate.

Anodes used in the optoelectronic device may, for example, be transparent conductive metal oxides, for example ITO (indium tin oxide), zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or aluminium zinc oxide (AZO), Zn₂SnO₄, CdSnO₃, ZnSnO₃, MgIn₂O₄, GaInO₃, Zn₂In₂O₅ or In₄Sn₃O₁₂ or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides.

HIL materials used may, for example, be PEDOT:PSS (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulphonic acid), PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), m-MTDATA (4,4′,4″-tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine), spiro-TAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-spirobifluorene), DNTPD (4,4′-bis[N-[4-{N,N-bis(3-methylphenyl)amino}phenyl]-N-phenylamino]biphenyl), NPB (N,N′-bis-(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N′-bisphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine), NPNPB (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-di-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]benzene), MeO-TPD (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene), HAT-CN (1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile) or spiro-NPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-9,9′-spirobifluorene-2,7-diamine). By way of example, the layer thickness is 10-80 nm. In addition, it is possible to use small molecules (e.g. copper phthalocyanine (CuPc, e.g. thickness 10 nm)) or metal oxides, by way of example MoO₃, V₂O₅.

HTL materials used may be tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, polystyrenesulphonic acid-doped polyethylenedioxythiophene, camphorsulphonic acid-doped polyaniline, poly-TPD (poly(4-butylphenyldiphenylamine), [alpha]-NPD (poly(4-butylphenyldiphenylamine)), TAPC (4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzeneamine]), TCTA (tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine), 2-TNATA (4,4′,4″-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine), spiro-TAD, DNTPD, NPB, NPNPB, MeO-TPD, HAT-CN or TrisPcz (9,9′-diphenyl-6-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazole). By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 100 nm.

The HTL may comprise a p-doped layer having an inorganic or organic dopant in an organic hole-conducting matrix. Inorganic dopants used may, for example, be transition metal oxides, for instance vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide. Organic dopants used may, for example, be tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), copper pentafluorobenzoate (Cu(I)pFBz) or transition metal complexes. By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 100 nm.

Electron blocker layer materials used may, for example, be mCP (1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene), TCTA, 2-TNATA, mCBP (3,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl), tris-Pcz (9,9′-diphenyl-6-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazole), CzSi (9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole) or DCB (N,N′-dicarbazolyl-1,4-dimethylbenzene). By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 50 nm.

The emitter layer EML or emission layer consists of or comprises emitter material or a mixture including at least two emitter materials and optionally one or more host materials. Suitable host materials are, for example, mCP, TCTA, 2-TNATA, mCBP, CBP (4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl), Sif87 (dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-yltriphenylsilane), Sif88 (dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-yl)diphenylsilane), 9-[3-(dibenzofuran-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3-(dibenzofuran-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3-(dibenzothiophen-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzothio-phenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, T2T (2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine), T3T (2,4,6-tris(triphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine), TST (2,4,6-tris(9,9′-spirobifluoren-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine) and/or DPEPO (bis[2-((oxo)diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether). In one embodiment, the EML contains 50%-80% by weight, preferably 60%-75% by weight, of a host material selected from the group consisting of CBP, mCP, mCBP, 9-[3-(dibenzofuran-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3-(dibenzofuran-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3-(dibenzothiophen-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole, 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole and 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzothiophenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole; 10%-45% by weight, preferably 15%-30% by weight, of T2T and 5%-40% by weight, preferably 10%-30% by weight, of an organic molecule according to the invention as emitter. For emitter material which emits in the green or in the red or a mixture comprising at least two emitter materials, the standard matrix materials are suitable, such as CBP. For emitter material which emits in the blue or a mixture comprising at least two emitter materials, it is possible to use UHG matrix materials (ultra-high-energy gap materials) (see, for example, M. E. Thompson et al., Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4743), or other so-called wide-gap matrix materials. By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 250 nm.

The hole blocker layer HBL may include, for example, BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline=bathocuproin), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)-(4-phenylphenolato)-aluminium(III) (BAIq), NBphen (2,9-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Alq3 (aluminium tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)), T2T, TSPO1 (diphenyl-4-triphenylsilylphenylphosphine oxide) or TCB/TCP (1,3,5-tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene/1,3,5-tris(carbazol)-9-yl)benzene). By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 50 nm.

The electron transport layer ETL may include, for example, materials based on AIQ₃, TSPO1, NBPhen, BPyTP2 (2,7-di(2,2′-bipyridin-5-yl)triphenyl), Sif87, Sif88, BmPyPhB (1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene) or BTB (4,4′-bis[2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)]-1,1′-biphenyl). By way of example, the layer thickness is 10 nm to 200 nm.

Materials used in a thin electron injection layer EIL may, for example, be CsF, LiF, 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium (Liq), Li₂O, BaF₂, MgO or NaF.

Materials used in the cathode layer may be metals or alloys, for example Al, Al>AlF, Ag, Pt, Au, Mg, Ag:Mg. Typical layer thicknesses are 100 nm to 200 nm. In particular, one or more metals that are stable under air and/or self-passivating, for example through formation of a thin protective oxide layer, are used.

Suitable materials for encapsulation are, for example, aluminium oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide.

In one embodiment of the organic optoelectronic device according to the invention, the organic molecule according to the invention is used as emission material in a light-emitting layer EML, where it is used either in the form of a pure layer or in combination with one or more host materials.

One embodiment of the invention relates to organic optoelectronic devices having an external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 1000 cd/m² of greater than 5%, especially of greater than 8%, especially of greater than 10%, or of greater than 13%, or of greater than 16% and especially of greater than 20%, and/or an emission maximum at a wavelength between 420 nm and 500 nm, especially between 430 nm and 490 nm, or between 440 nm and 480 nm and especially between 450 nm and 470 nm, and/or an LT80 value at 500 cd/m² of greater than 30 h, especially of greater than 70 h, or of greater than 100 h, or of greater than 150 h and especially of greater than 200 h.

The proportion by mass of the organic molecule according to the invention in the emitter layer EML, in a further embodiment in a light-emitting layer in optical light-emitting devices, especially in OLEDs, is between 1% and 80%. In one embodiment of the organic optoelectronic device according to the invention, the light-emitting layer is applied to a substrate, preferably with application of an anode and a cathode to the substrate and application of the light-emitting layer between the anode and cathode.

The light-emitting layer, in one embodiment, may have exclusively an organic molecule according to the invention in 100% concentration, with the anode and the cathode applied to the substrate, and the light-emitting layer applied between the anode and cathode.

In one embodiment of the organic optoelectronic device according to the invention, a hole- and electron-injecting layer has been applied between the anode and cathode, and a hole- and electron-transporting layer between the hole- and electron-injecting layer, and the light-emitting layer between the hole- and electron-transporting layer.

The organic optoelectronic device, in a further embodiment of the invention, comprises: a substrate, an anode, a cathode and at least one hole- and one electron-injecting layer, and at least one hole- and one electron-transporting layer, and at least one light-emitting layer comprising an organic molecule according to the invention and one or more host materials, the triplet (T₁) and singlet (S₁) energy levels of which are at higher energy than the triplet (T₁) and singlet (S₁) energy levels of the organic molecule, with the anode and cathode applied to the substrate, and the hole- and electron-injecting layer applied between the anode and cathode, and the hole- and electron-transporting layer applied between the hole- and electron-injecting layer, and the light-emitting layer applied between the hole- and electron-transporting layer.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for producing an optoelectronic component. This is done using an organic molecule according to the invention.

In one embodiment, the production process encompasses the processing of the organic molecule according to the invention by means of a vacuum evaporation method or from a solution.

The invention also includes a process for producing an optoelectronic device according to the invention, in which at least one layer of the optoelectronic device

-   -   is coated by a sublimation method,     -   is coated by an OVPD (organic vapour phase deposition) method,     -   is coated by a carrier gas sublimation, and/or     -   is produced from solution or by a printing method.

In the production of the optoelectronic device according to the invention, known methods are used. In general, the layers are applied individually to a suitable substrate in successive deposition process steps. In the gas phase deposition, it is possible to employ the commonly used methods, such as thermal evaporation, chemical gas phase deposition (CVD), physical gas phase deposition (PVD). For active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays, deposition is effected on an AMOLED backplane as substrate.

Alternatively, it is possible to apply layers from solutions or dispersions in suitable solvents. IIIustrative suitable coating methods are spin-coating, dip-coating and jet printing methods. The individual layers can be produced in accordance with the invention either via the same coating method or via different coating methods in each case.

EXAMPLES

General Synthesis Method GM1:

4-Pyridineboronic acid (1.80 equivalents), 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile (1.00 equivalent), Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.02 equivalent), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) (0.08 equivalent) and tribasic potassium phosphate (3.00 equivalents) are stirred under nitrogen in a toluene/water mixture (ratio 6:1) at 100° C. for 16 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is added to 600 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×300 ml). The combined organic phases are washed with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent is removed. The resulting crude product is purified by flash chromatography and the product is obtained in solid form.

It is also possible in accordance with the invention to use a corresponding boronic ester rather than a boronic acid.

General Synthesis Method GM2:

The synthesis of Z2 is effected analogously to GM1, by reaction of 4-pyridineboronic acid with 3-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile.

General Synthesis Method GM3:

The synthesis of Z3 is effected analogously to GM1, by reaction of 4-pyridineboronic acid with 4-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile.

General Synthesis Method GM4:

The synthesis of Z4 is effected analogously to GM1, by reaction of 4-pyridineboronic acid with 4-bromo-2,5-difluorobenzonitrile.

General Synthesis Method GM5:

The synthesis of Z5 is effected analogously to GM1, by reaction of 4-pyridineboronic acid with 2-bromo-4,5-difluorobenzonitrile.

General Synthesis Method GM6:

The synthesis of Z6 is effected analogously to GM1, by reaction of 4-pyridineboronic acid with 3-bromo-5,6-difluorobenzonitrile.

General Synthesis Method GM7:

Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 or Z6 (1.00 equivalent of each), the appropriate donor molecule D-H (2.00 equivalents) and tribasic potassium phosphate (4.00 equivalents) are suspended in DMSO under nitrogen and stirred at 110° C. (16 h). Subsequently, the reaction mixture is added to saturated sodium chloride solution and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are washed twice with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried over magnesium sulphate, and the solvent is then removed. The crude product was finally purified by recrystallization from toluene or by flash chromatography. The product is obtained in solid form.

In order to obtain the corresponding R¹- and/or R²-substituted products, a correspondingly substituted 4-pyridineboronic acid is used instead of 4-pyridineboronic acid.

Specifically, D-H corresponds to a 3,6-substituted carbazole (e.g. 3,6-dimethylcarbazole, 3,6-diphenylcarbazole, 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole), a 2,7-substituted carbazole (e.g. 2,7-dimethylcarbazole, 2,7-diphenylcarbazole, 2,7-di-tert-butylcarbazole), a 1,8-substituted carbazole (e.g. 1,8-dimethylcarbazole, 1,8-diphenylcarbazole, 1,8-di-tert-butylcarbazole), a 1-substituted carbazole (e.g. 1-methylcarbazole, 1-phenylcarbazole, 1-tert-butylcarbazole), a 2-substituted carbazole (e.g. 2-methylcarbazole, 2-phenylcarbazole, 2-tert-butylcarbazole) or a 3-substituted carbazole (e.g. 3-methylcarbazole, 3-phenylcarbazole, 3-tert-butylcarbazole). It is especially possible to use a halocarbazole, especially 3-bromocarbazole or 3,6-dibromocarbazole, as D-H, which is converted in a subsequent reaction, for example, to a corresponding boronic acid, for example (carbazol-3-yl)boronic acid, or to a corresponding boronic ester, for example (carbazol-3-yl)boronic ester, by way of example by reaction with bis(pinacol)boronic ester (CAS No. 73183-34-3). In a subsequent reaction, it is possible to introduce one or more R^(a) radicals which are used in the form of the halogenated reactant R^(a)—Hal, preferably R^(a)—Cl and R^(a)—Br, in place of the boronic acid group or the boronic ester group via a coupling reaction. Alternatively, one or more R^(a) radicals can be introduced by reaction of the previously introduced halocarbazole with boronic acids of the R^(a) radical (R^(a)—B(OH)₂) or corresponding boronic esters.

Photophysical Measurements Pretreatment of Optical Glassware

All glassware (cuvettes and substrates made from quartz glass, diameter: 1 cm) was cleaned after each use: Three rinses each time with dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol, demineralized water, placing in 5% Hellmanex solution for 24 h, thorough rinsing-out with demineralized water. For drying, the optical glassware was blown dry with nitrogen.

Sample Preparation, Film: Spin-Coating

Instrument: Spin150, SPS euro.

Sample concentration corresponded to 10 mg/ml, made up in toluene or chlorobenzene.

Programme: 1) 3 s at 400 rpm; 2) 20 s at 1000 rpm at 1000 rpm/s. 3) 10 s at 4000 rpm at 1000 rpm/s. After coating, the films were dried at 70° C. under air on an LHG precision hotplate for 1 min.

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and TCSPC Steady-state emission spectroscopy was conducted with a Horiba Scientific fluorescence spectrometer, model: FluoroMax-4, equipped with a 150 W xenon arc lamp, excitation and emission monochromators and a Hamamatsu R928 photomultiplier tube, and also a “time-correlated single-photon counting” (TCSPC) option. Emission and excitation spectra were corrected by means of standard correction curves.

The emission decay times were likewise measured with this system using the TCSPC method with the FM-2013 accessories and a TCSPC hub from Horiba Yvon Jobin. Excitation sources:

NanoLED 370 (wavelength: 371 nm, pulse duration: 1.1 ns) NanoLED 290 (wavelength: 294 nm, pulse duration: <1 ns) SpectraLED 310 (wavelength: 314 nm) SpectraLED 355 (wavelength: 355 nm).

The evaluation (exponential fitting) was effected with the DataStation software package and the DAS 6 evaluation software. The fit was reported by the chi-squared method

$c^{2} = {\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{i}\frac{\left( {e_{i} - o_{i}} \right)^{2}}{e_{i}}}$

with e_(i): parameter predicted by the fit and o_(i): parameter measured.

Determination of Quantum Efficiency

The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was measured by means of an Absolute PL Quantum Yield Measurement C9920-03G system from Hamamatsu Photonics. This consists of a 150 W xenon gas discharge lamp, automatically adjustable Czerny-Turner monochromators (250-950 nm) and an Ulbricht sphere with highly reflective Spectralon coating (a Teflon derivative), connected via a glass fibre cable to a PMA-12 multichannel detector with a BT (back-thinned) CCD chip having 1024×122 pixels (size 24×24 μm). The quantum efficiency and the CIE coordinates were evaluated with the aid of the U6039-05 software, version 3.6.0.

The emission maximum is reported in nm, the quantum yield Φ in %, and the CIE colour coordinates as x,y values.

The photoluminescence quantum yield was determined according to the following protocol:

1) Performance of quality assurance: The reference material used is anthracene in ethanol with known concentration. 2) Determining the excitation wavelength: First of all, the absorption maximum of the organic molecule was determined and it was excited therewith. 3) Performance of sample analysis: The absolute quantum yield of degassed solutions and films was determined under a nitrogen atmosphere.

The calculation was effected within the system according to the following equation:

$\Phi_{PL} = {\frac{n_{photon},{emitted}}{n_{photon},{absorbed}} = \frac{\int{{\frac{\lambda}{hc}\left\lbrack {{{Int}_{emitted}^{sample}(\lambda)} - {{Int}_{absorbed}^{sample}(\lambda)}} \right\rbrack}d\; \lambda}}{\int{{\frac{\lambda}{hc}\left\lbrack {{{Int}_{emitted}^{reference}(\lambda)} - {{Int}_{absorbed}^{reference}(\lambda)}} \right\rbrack}d\; \lambda}}}$

with the photon count n_(photon) and the intensity Int.

Production and characterization of organic electroluminescent devices from the gas phase With the organic molecules according to the invention, it is possible to create OLED devices by means of vacuum sublimation methodology.

These as yet unoptimized OLEDs can be characterized in a standard manner; for this purpose, the electroluminescent spectra, the external quantum efficiency (measured in %) as a function of brightness, calculated from the light detected by the photodiode, the electroluminescence spectra and the current are recorded.

HPLC-MS:

HPLC-MS spectroscopy was measured with an Agilent HPLC system (1100 series) connected to an MS detector (Thermo LTQ XL). For the HPLC, an Eclipse Plus C18 column from Agilent with a particle size of 3.5 μm, a length of 150 mm and an internal diameter of 4.6 mm was used. No pre-column was employed and operation was effected at room temperature with the solvents acetonitrile, water and tetrahydrofuran in these concentrations:

Solvent A: H₂O (90%) MeCN (10%) Solvent B: H₂O (10%) MeCN (90%) Solvent C: THF (100%)

An injection volume of 15 μl and a concentration of 10 μg/ml with this gradient was employed:

Flow rate Time Pressure [ml/min] [min] A[%] B[%] C[%] [bar] 0.3 0 80 20 — 115 0.3 5 80 20 — 115 0.3 14 0 90 10 65 0.3 25 0 90 10 65 0.3 26 80 20 — 115 0.3 33 80 20 — 115

The sample was ionized by APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization).

Example 1

Example 1 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (91% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 510, (6.18 min)

FIG. 1 shows the emission spectrum of Example 1 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 460 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 74% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV.

Example 2

Example 2 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (90% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 566, (13.78 min)

FIG. 2 shows the emission spectrum of Example 2 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 485 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 75% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV. The emission decay time is 8 μs.

Example 3

Example 3 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (25% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 734, (21.78 min)

R_(f)=0.17 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 3 shows the emission spectrum of Example 3 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 478 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 72% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 12 μs.

Example 4

Example 4 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (74% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 814, (18.61 min)

R_(f)=0.1 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 4 shows the emission spectrum of Example 4 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 489 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 73% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 5 μs.

Example 5

Example 5 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (66% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 662, (15.12 min)

R_(f)=0.07 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 5 shows the emission spectrum of Example 5 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 483 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 69% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 13 μs.

Example 6

Example 6 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (81% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 840, (8.23 min)

R_(f)=0.24 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 6 shows the emission spectrum of Example 6 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 497 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 52% and the half-height width is 0.50 eV. The emission decay time is 9 μs.

Example 7

Example 7 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (73% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 566, (15.39 min)

R_(f)=0.27 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 7 shows the emission spectrum of Example 7 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 472 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 84% and the half-height width is 0.42 eV.

Example 8

Example 8 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (57% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 814, (19.46 min)

R_(f)=0.26 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 8 shows the emission spectrum of Example 8 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 475 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 84% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV.

Example 9

Example 9 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (74% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 630, (4.93 min)

R_(f)=0.05 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 5:1).

FIG. 9 shows the emission spectrum of Example 9 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 511 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 41% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV.

Example 10

Example 10 was prepared according to GM5 (41% yield) and GM7 (32% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 630, (4.29 min)

FIG. 10 shows the emission spectrum of Example 10 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 501 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 59% and the half-height width is 0.49 eV.

Example 11

Example 11 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (78% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 662, (14.14 min)

FIG. 11 shows the emission spectrum of Example 11 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 462 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 55% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV.

Example 12

Example 12 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (38% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 841, (20.13 min)

FIG. 12 shows the emission spectrum of Example 12 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 482 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 61% and the half-height width is 0.51 eV.

Example 13

Example 13 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (52% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 735, (23.35 min)

FIG. 13 shows the emission spectrum of Example 13 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 471 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 81% and the half-height width is 0.42 eV.

Example 14

Example 14 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (66% yield).

MS (HPLC-MS), m/z (retention time): 623, (6.65 min)

FIG. 14 shows the emission spectrum of Example 14 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 474 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 75% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 38 μs.

Example 15

Example 15 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (72% yield).

FIG. 15 shows the emission spectrum of Example 15 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 475 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 48% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 24 μs.

Example 16

Example 16 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (29% yield).

FIG. 16 shows the emission spectrum of Example 16 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 470 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 65% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV. The emission decay time is 56 μs.

Example 17

Example 17 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (51% yield).

FIG. 17 shows the emission spectrum of Example 17 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 476 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 66% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV. The emission decay time is 23 μs.

Example 18

Example 18 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (90% yield).

FIG. 18 shows the emission spectrum of Example 18 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 483 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 71% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 5 μs.

Example 19

Example 19 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (88% yield).

FIG. 19 shows the emission spectrum of Example 19 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 510 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 38% and the half-height width is 0.50 eV. The emission decay time is 3 μs.

Example 20

Example 20 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (9% yield).

FIG. 20 shows the emission spectrum of Example 20 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 498 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 40% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 4 μs.

Example 21

Example 21 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (71% yield).

FIG. 21 shows the emission spectrum of Example 21 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 477 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 74% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV. The emission decay time is 14 μs.

Example 22

Example 22 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (73% yield).

FIG. 22 shows the emission spectrum of Example 22 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 493 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 63% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 5 μs.

Example 23

Example 23 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (86% yield).

FIG. 23 shows the emission spectrum of Example 23 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 472 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 76% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV. The emission decay time is 35 μs.

Example 24

Example 24 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (99% yield).

FIG. 24 shows the emission spectrum of Example 24 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 477 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 65% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 12 μs.

Example 25

Example 25 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (42% yield).

FIG. 25 shows the emission spectrum of Example 25 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 466 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 76% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV. The emission decay time is 73 μs.

Example 26

Example 26 was prepared with a 2-methyl-4-pyridineboronic acid instead of a 4-pyridine-boronic acid according to GM1 (36% yield) and GM7 (78% yield).

FIG. 26 shows the emission spectrum of Example 26 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 473 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 71% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 65 μs.

Example 27

Example 27 was prepared according to GM3 (10% yield) and GM7 (2% yield).

FIG. 27 shows the emission spectrum of Example 27 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 467 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 68% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV.

Example 28

Example 28 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (23% yield).

FIG. 28 shows the emission spectrum of Example 28 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 465 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 33% and the half-height width is 0.52 eV.

Example 29

Example 29 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (80% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (38% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (71% yield).

FIG. 29 shows the emission spectrum of Example 29 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 492 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 76% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV. The emission decay time is 6 μs.

Example 30

Example 30 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (80% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (38% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (25% yield).

FIG. 30 shows the emission spectrum of Example 30 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 474 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 81% and the half-height width is 0.42 eV. The emission decay time is 27 μs.

Example 31

Example 31 was prepared by the reaction of 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.3 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (45% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (15% yield).

FIG. 31 shows the emission spectrum of Example 31 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 479 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 72% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV. The emission decay time is 18 μs.

Example 32

Example 32 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (41% yield).

FIG. 32 shows the emission spectrum of Example 32 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 491 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 52% and the half-height width is 0.48 eV. The emission decay time is 12 μs.

Example 33

Example 33 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (65% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (96% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (57% yield).

FIG. 33 shows the emission spectrum of Example 33 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 476 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 71% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV. The emission decay time is 186 μs.

Example 34

Example 34 was prepared by the reaction of 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.3 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (45% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (50% yield).

FIG. 34 shows the emission spectrum of Example 34 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 471 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 72% and the half-height width is 0.42 eV. The emission decay time is 22 μs.

Example 35

Example 35 was prepared by the reaction of 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.3 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (45% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (43% yield).

FIG. 35 shows the emission spectrum of Example 35 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 450 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 62% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV.

Example 36

Example 36 was prepared by the reaction of 4-chloro-3-phenylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (77% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (37% yield).

FIG. 36 shows the emission spectrum of Example 36 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 468 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 55% and the half-height width is 0.47 eV. The emission decay time is 272 μs.

Example 37

Example 37 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (65% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (96% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (17% yield).

FIG. 37 shows the emission spectrum of Example 37 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 457 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 62% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV.

Example 38

Example 38 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (65% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (96% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (45% yield).

FIG. 38 shows the emission spectrum of Example 38 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 496 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 61% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 6 μs.

Example 39

Example 39 was prepared by the reaction of 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.3 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (45% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (14% yield).

FIG. 39 shows the emission spectrum of Example 39 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 475 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 60% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 34 μs.

Example 40

Example 40 was prepared by the reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (65% yield), subsequent reaction with phenylboronic acid (2.5 equivalents) in a 1,4-dioxane/water mixture (10:1 ratio) at 100° C. and a reaction time of 24 h (96% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (20% yield).

FIG. 40 shows the emission spectrum of Example 40 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 460 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 58% and the half-height width is 0.43 eV.

Example 41

Example 41 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (35% yield).

FIG. 41 shows the emission spectrum of Example 41 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 465 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 69% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV.

Example 42

Example 42 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (87% yield).

FIG. 42 shows the emission spectrum of Example 42 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 501 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 47% and the half-height width is 0.48 eV. The emission decay time is 4 μs.

Example 43

Example 43 was prepared by the reaction of 4-chloro-3-phenylpyridine (1.0 equivalent) with a 4-cyano-3,5-difluorobenzeneboronic ester (1.1 equivalents) under reaction conditions analogous to GM1 (77% yield) and subsequent reaction according to GM7 (43% yield).

FIG. 43 shows the emission spectrum of Example 43 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 475 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 63% and the half-height width is 0.45 eV. The emission decay time is 24 μs.

Example 44

Example 44 was prepared according to GM1 (62% yield) and GM7 (42% yield).

FIG. 44 shows the emission spectrum of Example 44 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 466 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 51% and the half-height width is 0.44 eV.

Example 45

Example 45 was prepared according to GM4 (40% yield) and GM7 (74% yield).

FIG. 45 shows the emission spectrum of Example 45 (10% in PMMA). The emission maximum is at 474 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 53% and the half-height width is 0.46 eV. The emission decay time is 189 μs.

Comparative Example 1

Comparative Example 1 was prepared and the emission spectrum of Comparative Example 1 (10% in PMMA) was measured. The emission maximum is at 387 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is 11% and the emission decay time is 6 ns. The low PLQY and the short emission decay time show that Comparative Example 1 is not a TADF emitter.

Example D1

Molecule 2 was tested in an OLED component (“component D1”) with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass):

Layer Thickness D1 7 100 nm Al 6 2 nm Liq 5 40 nm NBPhen 4 20 nm 2 (10%):mCBP 3 10 nm TCTA 2 80 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass Maximum values at 1000 cd/m² Power efficiency: 40.9 ± 0.4 lm/W 22.4 ± 0.1 lm/W Current efficiency: 40.3 ± 0.4 cd/A 27.7 ± 0.1 cd/A External quantum yield 19.2 ± 0.2% 13.2 ± 0.1% (EQE):

The emission maximum is at 480 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.19 and CIEy: 0.33 at 6 V.

Example D2

Molecule 3 was tested in the OLED component D2 with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the two host molecules in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 9 100 nm Al 8 2 nm Liq 7 30 nm NBPhen 6 10 nm T2T 5 20 nm 3 (10%):9-[3,5-bis(2- dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (70%):T2T (20%) 4 10 nm 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-9H- carbazole 3 10 nm TCTA 2 80 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 475 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.18 and CIEy: 0.34 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 19.4±0.3% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 79 h.

Example D3

Molecule 3 was tested in the OLED component D3 with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the host molecule in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 8 100 nm Al 7  2 nm Liq 6  40 nm NBPhen 5  20 nm 3 (20%): 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)- phenyl]-9H-carbazole (80%) 4  5 nm 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]- 9H-carbazole 3  10 nm TCTA 2  75 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 475 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.19 and CIEy: 0.35 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 15.1±0.1% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 187 h.

A further OLED component comprises the following structure:

Layer Thickness Material 9 100 nm Al 8  2 nm Liq 7  30 nm NBPhen 6  10 nm T2T 5  20 nm Example 3 (20%): mCBP (60%): T2T (20%) 4  10 nm mCBP 3  10 nm TCTA 2  80 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

A further OLED component comprises the following structure:

Layer Thickness Material 9 100 nm Al 8 2 nm Liq 7 30 nm NBPhen 6 10 nm T2T 5 20 nm Example 5 (20%):mCBP (60%):T2T (20%) 4 10 nm mCBP 3 10 nm TCTA 2 80 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

Example D4

Molecule 26 was tested in the OLED component D4 with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the two host molecules in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 8 100 nm Al 7 2 nm Liq 6 40 nm NBPhen 5 20 nm 26 (10%):mCBP (75%):T2T (15%) 4 5 nm mCBP 3 10 nm TCTA 2 75 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 472 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.18 and CIEy: 0.27 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 10.6±0.2% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 37 h.

Example D5

Molecule 5 was tested in the OLED component D5 with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the host molecule in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 7 100 nm Al 6 2 nm Liq 5 40 nm NBPhen 4 20 nm 5 (20%):9-[3-(dibenzothiophen-2- yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (80%) 3 10 nm TCTA 2 140 nm NPB 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 480 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.21 and CIEy: 0.39 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 13.3±0.2% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 233 h.

Example D6

Molecule 3 was tested in OLED component D6 having the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the two host molecules in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 8 100 nm Al 7 2 nm Liq 6 40 nm NBPhen 5 30 nm 3 (10%):9-[3,5-bis(2- dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (70%):T2T (20%) 4 8 nm 9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]- 9H-carbazole 3 10 nm TCTA 2 62 nm NPB 1 50 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 480 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.16 and CIEy: 0.34 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 22.3±0.2% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 580 h.

Example D7

Molecule 22 was tested in the OLED component D7 with the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the host molecule in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 9 100 nm Al 8 2 nm Liq 7 40 nm NBPhen 6 10 nm 22 (10%):9-[3,5-bis(2-dibenzofuranyl)- phenyl]-9H-carbazole (90%) 5 10 nm TCTA 4 110 nm NPB 3 5 nm HAT-CN 2 50 nm PEDOT:PSS 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 486 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.22 and CIEy: 0.41 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 11.0±0.3% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 152 h.

Example D8

Molecule 43 was tested in OLED component D7 having the following structure (proportion of the molecule according to the invention and the host molecule in the emission layer is reported in percent by mass in each case):

Layer Thickness Material 10 100 nm Al 9 2 nm Liq 8 40 nm NBPhen 7 30 nm 43 (10%):mCBP (70%):T2T (20%) 6 10 nm mCBP 5 10 nm TCTA 4 100 nm NPB 3 5 nm HAT-CN 2 50 nm PEDOT:PSS 1 130 nm ITO Substrate glass

The emission maximum is at 477 nm; CIEx was determined as 0.16 and CIEy: 0.28 at 6 V. The EQE at 1000 cd/m² is 11.1±0.4% and the LT80 at 500 cd/m² is 37 h.

Further Examples of Molecules According to the Invention

Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. 

1. An organic molecule, comprising a structure of Formula III:

wherein R¹ and R² are the same or different at each instance and are selected from the group consisting of: H, deuterium; a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium; and an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 15 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals; R^(a) is the same or different at each instance and is selected from the group consisting of: H, deuterium, N(R⁵)₂, OH, Si(R⁵)₃, B(OR⁵)₂, OSO₂R⁵, CF₃, CN, F, Br, I; a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group which has 1 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁵C═CR⁵, C≡C, Si(R⁵)₂, Ge(R⁵)₂, Sn(R⁵)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁵, P(═O)(R⁵), SO, SO₂, NR⁵, O, S or CONR⁵ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group which has 2 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁵C═CR⁵, C≡C, Si(R⁵)₂, Ge(R⁵)₂, Sn(R⁵)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁵, P(═O)(R⁵), SO, SO₂, NR⁵, O, S or CONR⁵ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group which has 3 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁵C═CR⁵, C≡C, Si(R⁵)₂, Ge(R⁵)₂, Sn(R⁵)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁵, P(═O)(R⁵), SO, SO₂, NR⁵, O, S or CONR⁵ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals; an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals; and a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group which has 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁵ radicals; R⁵ is the same or different at each instance and is selected from the group consisting of: H, deuterium, N(R⁶)₂, OH, Si(R⁶)₃, B(OR⁶)₂, OSO₂R⁶, CF₃, CN, F, Br, I; a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group which has 1 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁶C═CR⁶, C≡C, Si(R⁶)₂, Ge(R⁶)₂, Sn(R⁶)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁶, P(═O)(R⁶), SO, SO₂, NR⁶, O, S or CONR⁶ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group which has 2 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁶C═CR⁶, C≡C, Si(R⁶)₂, Ge(R⁶)₂, Sn(R⁶)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁶, P(═O)(R⁶), SO, SO₂, NR⁶, O, S or CONR⁶ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group which has 3 to 40 carbon atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals, where one or more nonadjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by R⁶C═CR⁶, C≡C, Si(R⁶)₂, Ge(R⁶)₂, Sn(R⁶)₂, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR⁶, P(═O)(R⁶), SO, SO₂, NR⁶, O, S or CONR⁶ and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals; an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals; and a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group which has 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R⁶ radicals; and R⁶ is the same or different at each instance and is selected from the group consisting of: H, deuterium, OH, CF₃, CN, F; a linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a linear alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by deuterium, CN, CF₃ or NO₂; an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms; an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms; and a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms; where each of the R^(a), R³, R⁴ or R⁵ radicals together with one or more further R^(a), R³, R⁴ or R⁵ radicals may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic and/or benzofused ring system.
 2. The organic molecule according to claim 1, where R¹ and R² are the same or different at each instance and are H, methyl or phenyl.
 3. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIa:

where R^(c) independently at each instance is selected from the group consisting of Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃, Ph which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyridinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, pyrimidinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, carbazolyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, triazinyl which may be substituted in each case by one or more radicals selected from Me, ^(i)Pr, ^(t)Bu, CN, CF₃ and Ph, and N(Ph)₂.
 4. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIb:


5. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIc:


6. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIId:


7. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIe:


8. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIf:


9. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIg:


10. The organic molecule according to claim 1, comprising a structure of Formula IIIh:


11. A composition, comprising: (a) at least one organic molecule according to claim 1, in the form of an emitter and/or a host; (b) one or more emitter and/or host materials other than the organic molecule according to claim 1; and (c) optionally one or more dyes and/or one or more solvents.
 12. An optoelectronic device comprising the composition according to claim
 11. 13. The optoelectronic device according to claim 12, comprising a substrate; an anode; a cathode, where the anode or the cathode has been applied to the substrate, and at least one light-emitting layer which is arranged between the anode and the cathode and comprises the composition according to claim
 11. 14. An optoelectronic device comprising an organic molecule according to claim
 1. 15. The optoelectronic device according to claim 14, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs), a light-emitting electrochemical cell, an OLED sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser or a down-conversion element.
 16. The optoelectronic device according to claim 14, wherein the organic molecule is one of a luminescent emitter, host material, electron transport material, hole injection material and hole blocker material in the optoelectronic device.
 17. The optoelectronic device according to claim 14, comprising: a substrate; an anode; a cathode, where the anode or the cathode has been applied to the substrate; and at least one light-emitting layer which is arranged between the anode and the cathode and comprises the organic molecule.
 18. The optoelectronic device according to claim 17, wherein the optoelectronic device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs), a light-emitting electrochemical cell, an OLED sensor, an organic diode, an organic solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic laser and a down-conversion element.
 19. A process for producing an optoelectronic component, comprising processing the organic molecule according to claim 1 by vacuum evaporation or from a solution.
 20. A process for producing an optoelectronic component, comprising processing the composition according to claim 11 by vacuum evaporation or from a solution. 